Fastener



M. F. CARR Aug. I 3928i,-

FASTENER Original Filed Nov. 1, 1924 5 Sheets-Sheet l I my].

m a 5%ms7umu 5 \VJWW o a fl. .,%w m w m a 6 1 m a I Q m 7,1928. LemmasM. F. CARR FASTENER Original Filed Nov. 1924 3 Sheets$heet 2 W WM AM Iflfiys Aug. 7, 1928. LfifiQZM M. F. CARR FASTENER Original Filed Nov. 1,1924 5 Sheets-She t 3 lawemiaw: Zww @s E @zzw m Patented Aug. 7, 1928,.

VQETFD saves [MOSESLEJ CARR, OF LEXINGTON, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOB- TOCARR FASTENER COM- PANY, OF CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS, A CORPORATION OFMASSACHUSETTS.

FASTENER.

Qriginal application filedNovember 1, 1924, Serial No. 747,231. Dividedand this application filed August 25, 1925. Serial No. 52,328.

This invention aims to provide an improved method: of making separablefastener studs. p ,The application is a division of my priorapplication, Serial No. H7231, filed November 1,1924. V

Referenceis herebymade to my co-pending application Serial No.52,329,'fi1ed August 25, 1925 which application contains claims directedto amachine for making the V fastener elements and practicing the methodof making the fastenerfelements claime .in this application.

In the drawings, which illustrate a preferredembodiment of my inventionFigure 1 is a vertical section, partly in elevation, through a portionof a machine in whichthe studs are formed;

Fig. 2 is a fragmentary section, partly in elevation, showing one of theforming dies of the machine in position for forming the shoulder on thestud;

Fig. 2 is a fragmentary elevation view :of a portion of the bumpingmechanism, and the cams for operating the same 1;

Fig. 8 is an enlarged section on the line v5--3 ofFigQ;

. Fig. 4 is an enlarged fragmentary viewof the upper portion of the dieshown in Figs. {1 and 2, showing the position of the parts of the diewhen the stud is being entered therein;

' Fig.;5 is a view of the parts shown in Fig. 4', showing the method .offorming the neck of the stud;

Fig. 6 shows the relation of the parts, shown iii-Fig. 4;, when formingthe shoulder on the stud; g 1 I A Fig. 7 is a view ofthe parts as shownin Fig. 4, but showing the stud being ejected from the die;

Fig. 8 is aside elevation of the chuck;

Fig. 9 is a plan view of the chuck;

Figs..10'through vl5 are views showing progressive stages in the drawingor pressing of the stud and Fig. 16- is a sectional View of thecompleted stud.

' Referring to the drawings, I have shown a fastener stud which'includesa head, a neck and a shank portion, formed by passing an appropriatepiece of metal through a special series .of stampingor pressingoperations. The drawings illustrate the various positions of the neckforming portions of the machine during the neck and shoulder formingoperations, and the various forms that the single piece of metal ispressed into until it has become a completed stud.

In carrying out my invention, I first form a neckless shell (Fig. 13)substantially as in usual methods of making a stud of the same generaltype, but I then utilize a preferred novel method of forming the neckand shoulder of the stud by a special series of operations, preferablyin the same machine as that in which the neckless stud is formed. It hasbeen the usual practice heretofore toroll the neckinto the shell, anoperation which weakens the stud, particularly where a relatively abruptshoulder is provided in advance of the neck.

The only parts of the multiple press or eyelet machine which I haveillustrated are those parts necessary for a complete understanding of myinvention, and therefore Fig. 1, as illustrated, shows only the means bywhich the neck and shoulder of the stud are formed.

The apparatus for forming the neck and shoulder in the neckless studcomprises a stud carrying plunger 1, which may be operated by anysuitable means, such, for instance, as by the cams 2 and 3 located uponthe shaft 4, which raise and lower the plunger so as to deliver aneckless shell to the forming die located in the bed 5 of the machineThe'die maybe of any suitable construction for compressing a neck in thestud and bumping a shoulder between the head and neck, but I prefer toprovide a die or chuck 6 (Figs. 1 through 9), which is formed fromasingle piece of metal slotted to provide a plurality of spring fingers7 presenting jaws 7? for laterally compressing a neck in the previouslyneckless shell. The chuck 6 is also provided with tapered portions 8 atthe upper ends of the spring fingers which cooperate with the cam piece9 to force the jaws inwardly during lateral compression of the neck, andthe chuck is also hollowed to permit passage within the chuck of thebumping mechanism for forming the shoulder on the stud. This bumpingmechanism comprises (Fig. 1) a sleeve 10 surrounding a stud ejectingplunger 11 and presenting a recess 12 for receiving the head 16 is heldin the bed by a bumping {11 may be made" from a single metal, but-I-prefer to make it of three pieces as' illustrated, so that,

carried by a plungenlG which isoperated hy the cam 13 to move the sleeve10 into engagementwith the headof the stud, as more fully hereinafterdescribed. The plunger spring-pressed pin 17, which cooperates with aslot 18in the plunger and also acts as a stopto' limit the movement ofthe sleeve 10 during the operation. The ejecting plunger piece of incase of wear on theparts, the upper end-of the plunger 11 may bekeptfiin the proper relation to the recess 12 in the sleeve 10. Thisiseffected by providing, between the upper and lower parts of theplunger 11, a replaceable spacer 19, which may be accurately ground toprorvide the desired adjustment for the plunger.

Thus, afterthe top 'orbottom of the plunger limit the movement thereofrest of the mechanism.

and economical repair. 'maintained in the proper-relation to the sleeve10 and plunger 16 screwed into the plunger 16 (F igs. 1 and .2) andcooperating with a slot 21 in the 11 has become worn, the substitutionof a slightly longer spacer 19 will effect a quick The plunger is by aset screw 20 lower part of the ejecting plunger 11 to relative to the lHaving thus described the relevantparts of-thepreferred machine, I-Willnow describe the specific operation of the parts of the apparatusillustrated in practicingthe preferred method of forming the neck andshoulder ofthe stud, which is best illustrated or pins 28. Then theshank Figs. 1 through 7. A neckless shell is firstrcarried downwardly bythe plunger 1 itowardthe die or chuckG-and' through a die retainingplate 22 held in place by screws 24 of the shell passesthrough a secondaperture'in a movable disc-25 seatedunon'the upper endof the chuck, asbest illustrated in Fig. 4. As

the shell is carried downward. the base portion26 thereof seats againstthe disc 25 and further downward. movement of the plunger .1- forces theCllSG; downwardly, in turn forcing the die or chuck downwardly, therebymoving the chuck relative to the cam piece 9. This movement of thechuck, therefore,

forces the spring jaws 7 of the chuck inwardly against the shankthereby. to "later- 'Whilethe jaws 7 the plunger liback'suppoi'ts'thestud, the

allycompress indentations 2 7 in theshank 24 of the shell, which haspreviously passed between the jaws. Thus, as illustrated in F ig. 5, the.neck is formed in the stud and a plurality of reinforcing ribs or.struts 28,

being the metal squeezedin the slots between the aWs, form supportsconnecting the head I 29 of the stud with the shank 24. This provides astud head having a relatively sloping shoulder 'rearwardly thereof, 7forming the front wall of the neck, as shown in Fig. 14. still engagethe stud and cam 13 moves the sleeve 10 and ejecting plunger 11 quicklytoward the head of the stud 'an'd strikes it a sharp blow (F ig. 6),

which however is limited in its movement as described, so as to move thehead toward the shank ofthe stud and form, from the previouslyrelatively sloping shoulder (Fig. 14) a relatively abrupt shoulder30'between the head and neck-of the stud,'as best illustrated in Fig. 14During the last mentioned operation, the head-of the studenters therebumping operation, and the cess iii-the sleeve 10 so asto retainitsshape during the struts spaced about the neck oppose collapsing of theneck; The-final operation in cludes withdrawalof the sleeve lOfrom thehead of the-stud, upward movement of the plunger 1, thereby releasingthe jaws 7 from engagement with the stud and -finally. eject ing thestud from the .die by upward movement. of'the ejecting plunger 11 causedby rotation of the cam v141-, as best illustrated in The stud isdelivered from the above mentioned operations with the struts29 stillintact, as best shown in F ig; 14, and these struts are preferablyremoved byplacing the studs into a :rolling device rolls the struts 29from the neck and produces a stud'in' which the walls of the neck, theshoulder and .the head thereof-are substantially asthickgas the re.

maining portions'of the stud; as best shown in-FigxlG.

i This 1 method shoulder of the stud, rather thanrolling'it, produces a:stud which-fis more durable and which-chips or V peripheryof the a "oflpressing the neck and if is a moredesirable product thana stud havingmerely a rolled neck; Heretoforait has been thepractice' to fill thewhole head and neck portions of a rolled stud wit-ha solder, which, in ameasure, anneals the brass, where unduly hardened by strengthensthestud. When studs are made by my improved method, this solderingoperation is unnecessary. Thus my improved stud is strong and {durablein construction 12o the rolling'action, and

and can be manufactured less "expensively and more quickly than therolled and soldered reinforced stud heretofore produced.

While I have shown anddescribed one embodiment of myinvention, it willbe understood that I have done so for purposes of clarification and notof limitation, my invention being best defined in the appended claims. 7

Claims: r 1. The method of forming a hollow pressed stud having a head,a neck and a shank portion with a shoulder between said head and neck,which comprises providing a neckless shell, forminga neck therein bylateral compression and subsequently pressing said head and shankrelatively closer together to form said shoulder.

2. The method of forming a hollow pressed stud having a head, a neck anda shank portion with a shoulder between said head and neck, whichcomprises providing a neckless shell, forming a neck therein by lateralcompression and subsequently pressing said head and shank relativelycloser together to form Said shoulder while holding said neck underlateral compression.

3. The method of forming a hollow pressed stud having a head, ashoulder, a neck and a shank portion, which comprises providing aneckless shell and forming therein by compression a neck laterallyextending ribs for reinforcing said neck, and subsequently pressing saidhead portion relatively closer to said shank portion to provide arelatively abrupt shoulder between said head and neck.

l. The method of forming a hollow pressed stud having a head, a neck anda shank portion of relatively uniform thickness, which comprisesproviding a neckless shell and compressing therein a series ofindentations of uniform depth to provide a neck, thereby forming strutportions between said indentations to'prevent said neck from collapsingwhile said head is subsequently pressed relatively closer to said shank,portion to form a relatively abrupt shoulder between said head and neck.

5. The method of forming a hollow stud, having a head, a relativelyabrupt shoulder, a neck and a shank portion, which comprises providing asingle sheet of metal, successively pressing it to form a neckless shelland laterally pressing said shell to-provide a neck, and subsequentlybumping said head to form anabrupt shoulder be tween said head and neck.

having a series of,

6. The method of forming a hollow pressed stud having a head, a neck,and a shank, which comprises providing a hollow pressed neckless shell,laterally compressing therein a series of spaced depressions separatedby struts, and thereafter bumping said head toward said shank to form arelatively abrupt shoulder between the head and nec 7 The method offorming a neck in a hollow pressed stud having a head, a neck, and ashank, which comprises providing a hollow pressed neckless shell andforming therein a neck having a plurality of struts spaced about theperiphery thereof and subsequently rolling said stud to remove saidstruts and provide a neck having a wall of metal at least as thick assaid head.

8. The method of forming a hollow pressed stud, which comprisesproviding a hollow neckless shell, forming a plurality of depressionstherein by lateral compression to provide a neck, forming a relativelyabrupt shoulder adjacent said depressions by bumping said head towardsaid neck while still under lateral compression thereby to provide astud having a neck and shoulder with walls at least as thick asthe headof the stud.

9. A blank for a hollow pressed stud hav ing a head and a neck andprovided with a plurality of struts projecting from said neck.

10. A blank for a hollow pressed stud having a head, a shoulder, a neckand a shank and presenting a plurality of neck supporting struts prQecting from said neck between said shoulder and the opposed face of saidshank.

11. A blank for a hollow pressed stud having a head, a neck and a shank,a relatively abrupt shoulder between said neck and head, and a pluralityof connecting struts between said shoulder and the opposed face of saidshank.

12. A blank for a hollow pressed stud presenting a head and a shank, aplurality of spaced anuularly arranged depressions between said head andsaid shank forming a plurality of relatively narrow supporting strutsbetween said depressions.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification. j

' MOSES F. CARR.

